Incremental Role of ¹⁸FDG PET/CT in Assessment of Testicular Viability / 대한핵의학회잡지

Testicular torsion is a common differential diagnosis of acute scrotal pain along with acute epididymo-orchitis, which may lead to testicular non-viability. Doppler ultrasound and testicular scintigraphy are two routinely used modalities for the assessment of testicular viability. However, in some cases, these investigations may prove inadequate in differentiating between the two entities with widely differing management. Here, we present a case of a 52-year-old male with questionable viability of testis, who was investigated initially using testicular scintigraphy and was further subjected to a regional 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, in view of inconclusive findings with the conventional modalities.

Incremental Role of ¹⁸FDG PET/CT in Assessment of Testicular Viability / 대한핵의학회잡지

Testicular torsion is a common differential diagnosis of acute scrotal pain along with acute epididymo-orchitis, which may lead to testicular non-viability. Doppler ultrasound and testicular scintigraphy are two routinely used modalities for the assessment of testicular viability. However, in some cases, these investigations may prove inadequate in differentiating between the two entities with widely differing management. Here, we present a case of a 52-year-old male with questionable viability of testis, who was investigated initially using testicular scintigraphy and was further subjected to a regional 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, in view of inconclusive findings with the conventional modalities.

Neonatal outcomes in early term neonates versus term neonates in a tertiary care hospital – A cross sectional comparative study.

Background: Preterm birth is one of the chief causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The larger studies presented higher rate of adverse outcomes in association to term infants in contrast of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The majority of studies confirmed significantly higher rate of adverse outcomes in preterm in the contrast of neonatal mortality and morbidity. In this contest, we studied Ramprakash MA, Charanraj H, Manikumar S, Srinivasan K, Umadevi L, Giridhar S, Rathinasamy. Neonatal outcomes in early term neonates versus term neonates in a tertiary care hospital - A cross sectional comparative study. IAIM, 2016; 3(4): 21-26. Page 22 the association between different antenatal parameters between early term neonates and full term neonates and to compare neonatal complications. Materials and methods: A total 180 neonates born in the study setting, for a period of 6 months were included and study was conducted in Department of Neonatology and Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. A structured and validated case report form was designed for the purpose of data collection. The tool was validated by including the inputs from five experts in the subject area. Descriptive analysis of demographic parameters, antenatal and intra natal parameters were done. Chi square test was used to assess the statistical significance of the association. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. IBM SPSS version 21 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 180 infants were included in the study, out of which 92 infants (51.1%) were early term and the remaining 88 (48.9%) were full term infants. The odds of early term pregnancy were 2.44 (95 % CI 1.04 to 5.7, p value 0.028) times higher in diabetic mothers, compared to mothers without diabetes. The odds of early term pregnancy was 4.08(95% CI 1.66 to 10.06, p value 0.001) for maternal hypertension and 11.81(95% CI 1.50 to 93.77, p value 0.004) for maternal anemia. The proportion of LSCS was quite high in early term pregnancy, compared to term pregnancy (52.2% Vs 18.2%, p value <0.001). The proportion of small for gestational age (SGA) babies was 29.7% in early term pregnancies (P value 0.011). The odds of hypoglycemia were 3.42 times more in ET pregnancies, compared to full term pregnancies (OR 3.423, 95 % CI 1.37 to 8.52, p value 0.006). Conclusion: The early-term delivery is associated with greater morbidity. There was reasonable relationship was evident involving maternal diabetes mellitus, hypertension, anemia, IUGR and early term pregnancy. The proportion of LSCS was reasonably high in early term pregnancy with slightly higher proportion small for gestational age babies. Neonatal intensive care admissions were found higher in early term than full term pregnancies. Further, there is continual relationship between gestational age and neonatal morbidity from early pregnancy

Diverse imaging characteristics of a mandibular intraosseous vascular lesion

Intraosseous vascular lesions of the maxillofacial region are rare, and the differential diagnosis of intraosseous vascular malformations from other jaw lesions can be challenging. In the present case, magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was used for diagnosis, and the lesion was treated wih surgical excision. Diverse characteristics such as the "honeycomb" and "sunburst" radiographic appearances and the absence of major peripheral feeder vessels in the CTA were noted. Intraosseous vascular malformations have a varied radiographic appearance, and the nomenclature of these lesions is equally diverse, with several overlapping terms. Pathologists do not generally differentiate among intraosseous vascular lesions on the basis of histopathology, although these lesions may present with contrasting immunohistochemical and clinical behaviors requiring varied treatment strategies. This case report highlights the need for multiple imaging modalities to differentiate among vascular lesions, as well as to better understand the behaviors of these unique lesions.

Schwannoma of the tongue: An unusual presentation in a child.

Schwannomas are benign tumors of nerve sheath and quite uncommon in the oral cavity. In contrast to the earlier reports in the literature, a confounding case of a lingual schwannoma presenting as a symptomatic and exophytic growth on the ventral surface of the tongue in a 12-year-old boy is discussed here.

Twins with senior-Loken syndrome.

Senior-Loken syndrome is a rare entity that combines familial juvenile nephronophthisis with retinal dystrophy. The eye disease may be congenital amaurosis of Leber type or pigmentary retinal degeneration and electroretinogram (ERG) helps in the diagnosis of these varieties. The disease progresses inexorably to chronic renal failure. Here is a case of twins with Senior-Loken syndrome emphasizing the importance of ophthalmic examination in children with renal failure, for determining a correct diagnosis.

Pediatric interstitial lung disease.

This study was done to ascertain the symptomatology, clinical features and investigations pertaining to interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in children. The medical records of 16 children admitted over a 4-year period from June 2000 to May 2004 with progressive cough, dyspnea, and chest X-ray/High Resolution Computerized Tomography (HRCT) abnormalities suggesting ILD were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical findings, investigations, chest skiagrams, HRCT, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung biopsy reports were analyzed. An acute presentation of symptoms was seen in 4 cases (25%). Velcro crackles were the commonest clinical finding, present in 15 cases (93.8%). Serial X-rays revealed findings suggestive of ILD in 12 cases (75%) and HRCT was diagnostic in 13 cases (86.6%). Spirometry done in 5 cases showed a restrictive ventilatory defect, BAL analysis done in 8 cases demonstrated increased neutrophils and lung biopsy done in 5 cases was consistent with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mean survival duration of 2 years and 7 months after initial diagnosis was observed.